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- $Unique_ID{BRK02146}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Addison's Disease}
- $Subject{Addison Addison's Disease fatigue weakness chronic progressive
- Adrenocortical Insufficiency autoimmune adrenal glands tuberculosis tumor
- amyloidosis inflammatory necrosis cortex weight loss anemia low blood pressure
- hypoglycemia sex abdominal pains diarrhea indigestion nausea vomiting
- darkening skin pigmentation acute hydrocortisone saline hormones circulating
- cortisone fludrocortisone steroids }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{
- Location and Function of the Endocrine Glands*0002901.scf
- The Adrenal Glands*0002906.scf}
-
- Copyright (c) 1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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-
- Addison's Disease
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-
- QUESTION: At first we just attributed the increasing fatigue and weakness in
- my husband to the stress of losing his job and getting a new one. But when
- rest and food didn't get him back on his feet, though funds were low, we
- visited the doctor. The diagnosis is Addison's Disease, and we are dismayed
- by the news that this is a chronic and progressive disease. Can you please
- address this subject in your column, and tells us the straight truth? Thank
- you.
-
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-
- ANSWER: Dr. Thomas Addison first described this disease in 1849, in a article
- entitled "Diseases of the suprarenal capsule" which appeared in the London
- Medical Gazette. We have since come to know this disease as Chronic
- Adrenocortical Insufficiency and believe it to be the result of an autoimmune
- process (in about 70 percent of the cases) which slowly destroys the outer
- layer (cortex) of the adrenal glands. In the rest of the cases the
- destruction may be caused by tuberculosis, tumor growth, amyloidosis, or
- inflammatory necrosis. It may strike at any age, affects women and men
- equally, and frequently is noticed for the first time after a period of stress
- of trauma.
- The adrenal cortex is formed of a layer of cells that occupy the outer
- layers of the two adrenal glands which perch on the kidneys. These tissues
- produce several important steroid hormones, and it is the lack of these
- hormones in sufficient quantities that lead to the symptoms. In addition to
- the fatigue and weariness you mention, patients with Addison's disease also
- show weight loss, anemia, low blood pressure and lower quantities of sugar in
- their blood (hypoglycemia), decreased interest in sex, and abdominal pains
- accompanied by diarrhea, indigestion, nausea and vomiting. There is a gradual
- darkening of the skin caused by increased pigmentation, and this is often the
- first clue to the disease's presence.
- When the disease strikes suddenly, acute adrenal insufficiency, the
- patient must be hospitalized. Intravenous therapy containing hydrocortisone
- and saline solution can restore the blood pressure to normal, and provide the
- amount of fluids the circulatory system requires. Once the patient is
- stabilized, other examinations and testing can be started.
- The diagnosis is made by a number of laboratory tests that search for the
- levels of circulating hormones in the blood, or the lack of response of the
- adrenal gland to certain tests that normally stimulate the action of the
- gland. The treatment of Addison's requires replacing the missing hormones,
- such as hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone. These essential steroids must be
- taken faithfully for the rest of your husband's life, and he must be carefully
- followed by the doctor.
- Since the body can no longer produce the quantity of hormones required,
- addition medication is prescribed during periods of stress. An operation, an
- infection and even a minor illness may require an upward adjustment to the
- daily medicine schedule, to prevent the low blood pressure that may result
- from insufficient hormone supplies in the body.
- I advise my patients with Addison's to obtain a medical identification
- bracelet that alerts physicians to their special condition in the case of
- emergency. The good news is that when the diagnosis is made early enough, and
- the medications are taken regularly as directed, a full and productive life
- can be achieved.
-
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-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-